Journal of Technology and Information Education 2022, 14(1):81-100 | DOI: 10.5507/jtie.2022.005
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN EDUCATION AND THE SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
- Metropolitní univerzita Praha, Česká republika
The paper deals with the topic of DRC educational sector and the degree of implementation of digital technologies in school education. The aim is to analyse the government measures of DRC which have been taken in connection with the global spread of digital technologies and which led to the restructuring of the educational sector. An especially key role is attributed to Internet technology, bringing cultural and global changes. Investing in ICT requires significant capital, vision, and the political will of government officials, which follows from an analysis of the structure of DRC expenditure for the education sector. The result of the study evaluates whether the government's actions contribute to the development of the educational system and the revitalization of the educational sector through ICT, enabling the economic growth of society, and thus the social transformation of the state.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies, New Media, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Education, Digital Media
Received: November 2, 2021; Revised: March 10, 2022; Accepted: November 2, 2021; Published: October 6, 2022 Show citation
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
References
- Adigun et al. (2021). Role of Coronavirus Outbreak on Adoption of Electronic Education in New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. I. J. Education and Management Engineering, 5, 13-22
Go to original source...
- Benson, C. (2004). The Importance Of Mother Tongue-Based Schooling For Educational Quality. Unesco
- Blurton, C. (1999). New Directions Of Ict-Use In Education. Unesco's World Communication And Information Report.
- Boehmer, E. (2008). Nelson Mandela: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
Go to original source...
- Bolton, L. (2020). Barriers to education for girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo. K4D Helpdesk Report 750. UK: Institute of Development Studies
- Dot-EDU. (2003). Community Resource Learning Center. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: http://dot-edu.edc.org/projects/drc_story2_innauguration.htm
- Democratic Republic Of The Congo. (2014). Test National De Fin D'études Primaires. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: http://nada.uis.unesco.org/nada/en/index.php/catalogue/142
- EDUC TV. (2021). MA CLASSE. Retrieved September 6, 2021, https://www.eductv.cd/classe/01/index.php
- Enyedy, N. (2014) Personalized Instruction: New Interest, Old Rhetoric, Limited Results, and the Need for a New Direction for Computer-Mediated Learning. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center
- Fall, B. (2007). ICT in Education in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In: Survey of ICT and Education in Africa, (Vol. 2): 53, Country Reports. Washington, DC: infoDev / World Bank
- Global Partnership. (2020). En RD Congo, Le GPE Soutient L'enseignement Dans Les Langues Nationales Dès Les Premières Années De Scolarisation. Secrétariat Du GPE. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.globalpartnership.org/fr/blog/en-rd-congo-le-gpe soutient-lenseignement-dans-les-langues-nationales-des-les-premieres-annees
- Gwang-Jo, K. (2009). ICT in Education: Issues & Questions. Global Sympozium On ICT in education. Co-organized by the World Bank, the Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) and Korea Education & Research Information Service (KERIS), November 9-11, 2009. Seoul, South Korea. Retrieved December 20, 2009 from: http://web.worldbank.org/wbsite/external/topics/exteducation/0,,contentmdk:22284657~menupk:617610~pagepk:148956~pipk:216618~thesitepk:282386,00.html
- GSMA. (2018). Reforming mobile sector taxation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Enabling economic growth through a supportive tax systém. GSM Association
- HIPSSA. (2010). Review and update of SADC ICT policy and legal Framework. Activity SA-1 of Support for Harmonisation of ICT Policies in Sub-Sahara Africa Project
- Inspection Générale De L'enseignement Primaire, Secondaire Et Professionnel - Government. (2015). Democratic Republic Of The Congo - Test National De Fin D'études Primaires. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: www: http://nada.uis.unesco.org/nada/en/index.php/catalogue/142
- ITU. (2021). Percentage of Individuals using the internet. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=CD
- Kaur, N. (2015). Using ICT in empowering teachers for quality education. International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology
- Kamogelo Setati-Legodi, M. E. (2022). Policy and Practice Challenges for Equality in Information and Communication Technology Education: Community Engagement With a Primary School. IGI Global
- Kazadi, A. K., Joseph, M. K., Patel, P. (2013). A Comparison of ICT Initiatives in South Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo. GITMA World Conference. Ivy League Publishing.
- Kozma, R. B. (2005). Monitoring And Evaluation Of Ict For Education Impact: A Review In: Wagner, D. A., Day, B., James, T., Kozma, R. B., Miller, J. & Unwin, T. (2005). Monitoring And Evaluation Of Ict In Education Projects. A Handbook For Developing Countries. Washington DC: Worldbank. Information For Development Program (Infodev)
- Latif, Š.& Adelman, M. (2021). Free Primary Schooling in the DRC? Where we are on the road to reform. World Bank. Retrieved February 2022, from https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/free-primary-schooling-drc-where-we-are-road-reform
- Le Phare. (2005). Du 25 au 26 janvier 2005, tenue d'une table ronde multisectorielle sur les technologies de l'information et des communications en RDC. Retrieved October 2006, from http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/french_february05.html
- Maurel, Ch. (2009). UNESCO Educational Programs. In: Iriye, A., Saunier, P. Y. (2009). The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- MICS-Palu. (2019). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2017-2018. Survey results report. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
- MINEPST. (2021). Allô École! Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.eduquepsp.education/v1/allo_ecole/
- MINEPST. (2021). Loi-cadre n°86-005 du 22 septembre 1986 sur l'enseignement national. Retrieved September 6, 2021 from: https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20administratif/Enseignement/LC.86.005.22.09.1986.htm
- MINESU. (2021). Loi-Cadre N° 14/004 Du 11 Février 2014 De L'enseignement National. Retrieved September 6, 2021 from: https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/enseignement/Loi14.004.11.02.2004.htm
- Mokonzi, G. (2010). Democratic Republic Of The Congo: Effective Delivery Of Public Services in the Education Sector. Open Society Initiative For Southern Africa.
- Ratcliffe, S. (2017). Nelson Mandela 1918-2013. Oxford Essential Quotations (5 Ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191843730.001.0001/q-oro-ed5-00007046
- Reeve, J. (2014). How do pupils use ICT devices to support and enhance their learning. International journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 3(2)
Go to original source...
- RDC. (2015). Stratégie sectorielle de l'éducation et de la formation 2016-2025. République Démocratique du Congo
- Richard, S. K., Anyona, J., Piliyesi, E. (2018). Teachers' Readiness in the Use of ICT in Improving Teaching and Learning in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Case Study of Marist Secondary Schools. International Journal of Educational Theory and Practice, Vol 1. No. 4
- Semenov, A. (2005). Information and communication technologies in school: A handbook for teachers on how ICT can create new open learning environment. Paris: UNESCO
- Schoolap. (2021). Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.schoolap.com
- UNDP. (2020). Human Development Report. The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene. Briefing Note for Countries on the 2020 Human Development Report. Congo (Democratic Republic of The)
- UNICEF. (2021). Challenge. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.unicef.org/drcongo/en/what-we-do/education
- UNICEF/RLRI. (2021). Ensuring Equal Access To Education In Future Crises: Findings of the
- UNICEF. (2020 a). DRC's ministry of primary, secondary and technical education launches distance education via radio, with the support of UNICEF. (online 26. 4. 2020). Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.unicef.org/drcongo/en/press-releases/drcs-ministry-primary-secondary-and-technical-education-launches-distance-education New Remote Learning Readiness Index. New York: UNICEF
- Telekomunikační zákon. Loi-cadre n°013/2002 du 16 octobre 2002 sur les télécommunications. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20economique/telecommunication/LC.013.2002.16.10.2002.htm
- UNICEF. (2020 b). How many children and young people have internet access at home? Estimating digital connectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. New York: UNICEF
- UNESCO. (2003). Performance Indicators For ICT In Education. Bangkok: Unesco.
- UNESCO. (2005). Education for All. Global Monitoring Report. UNESCO
- UNESCO. (2011). Planner's Guide For The Introduction Of African Languages And Cultures In The Education System. Dakar: Breda
- UNESCO/TTISSA. (2009). Evaluation of the Teacher Training Initiative for Sub-Saharan Africa. UNESCO
- United Nation Millennium Declaration. (2000). Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/millennium.aspx
- Unwin, T. (2005). Capacity Building and Management in ICT for Education. In: Wagner, D.A., Day, B., James, T., Kozma, R.B., Miller, J. & Unwin, T. (2005). Monitoring And Evaluation Of Ict In Education Projects. A Handbook For Developing Countries. Washington Dc: World Bank. Information For Development Program (Infodev)
- Unwin, T. (Ed.). (2009). ICT4D. Information and Communication Technology for Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- United Nations. (2021). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ USAID. (2017). Improving Reading, Access, and Accountability in the DRC (Accelere!) Activity 1. Retrieved September 6, 2021 from: https://www.usaid.gov/
- Vyhláška o zřízení Fondu na podporu národního vzdělávání. Décret 06/015 du 23 mars 2006 portant création d'un Fonds de promotion de l'éducation nationale. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/enseignement/D.06.015.23.03.2006.htm
- Uwizeyimana, D.E. (2022). Analysing the importance of e-government in times of disruption: The case of public education in Rwanda during Covid-19 lockdown. Evaluation and Program Planning. Elsevier
Go to original source...
- World Bank. (2005). Education In The Democratic Republic Of Congo Priorities And Options For Regeneration, World Bank Country Study. Washington, Dc: World Bank. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7466
- World Bank. (2015). Public Expenditure Review of the Education Sector in The Democratic Republic Of Congo: An Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity Analysis. Washington, Dc: World Bank. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22932
- World Bank. (2020). "When I Grow Up, I'll Be A Teacher" - The New Ambitions of Congolese Schoolchildren Now That School is Free. (Online 16. 6. 2020). World Bank Group. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/06/16/the-new-ambitions-of-congolese-schoolchildren-now-that-school-is-free
- World Bank. (2021 a). Robert S. McNamara at the World Bank: In Retrospect. Development Reflections Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CCBY 3.0 IGO.
- World Bank. (2021 b). Population total, DRC. Retrieved September 6, 2021, from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CD